The following professionals lent their expertise to this article:

A smiling woman with shoulder-length dark hair, wearing a black cardigan over a striped top, with a softly blurred natural background lit by warm sunlight.
Author: Kathleen Curtis
Kathleen Curtis is a researcher and writer with more than 75 articles published on EduMed. She's collaborated with dozens of college, career, and healthcare professionals on features across nursing, allied health, college success, and financial aid. Kathleen's work has been featured in Forbes, USA TODAY, and U.S. News & World Report. She holds a master's degree in history.
Areas of Expertise
Check HealthcareEditorialNursing
HealthcareEditorialNursing
Editor: Wes Ricketts
Wes Ricketts has created award-winning content in higher education and healthcare for nearly 20 years. He founded EduMed in 2018 to give future college students a go-to resource for information on degree programs in nursing and allied health. Wes’s research and writing interests include Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, as well as caregiving for loved ones with degenerative conditions. Wes holds a master’s degree in history from Western Washington University, where he also led workshops focused on historical research and longform writing skills.
Areas of Expertise
Check EditorialSenior CareDementia Care
EditorialSenior CareDementia Care

Women’s Health NP Online Programs: Detailing Top Degrees

The following professionals lent their expertise to this article:

A smiling woman with shoulder-length dark hair, wearing a black cardigan over a striped top, with a softly blurred natural background lit by warm sunlight.
Author: Kathleen Curtis
Kathleen Curtis is a researcher and writer with more than 75 articles published on EduMed. She's collaborated with dozens of college, career, and healthcare professionals on features across nursing, allied health, college success, and financial aid. Kathleen's work has been featured in Forbes, USA TODAY, and U.S. News & World Report. She holds a master's degree in history.
Areas of Expertise
Check HealthcareEditorialNursing
HealthcareEditorialNursing
Editor: Wes Ricketts
Wes Ricketts has created award-winning content in higher education and healthcare for nearly 20 years. He founded EduMed in 2018 to give future college students a go-to resource for information on degree programs in nursing and allied health. Wes’s research and writing interests include Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, as well as caregiving for loved ones with degenerative conditions. Wes holds a master’s degree in history from Western Washington University, where he also led workshops focused on historical research and longform writing skills.
Areas of Expertise
Check EditorialSenior CareDementia Care
EditorialSenior CareDementia Care

Refine your nursing career by streamlining your skill set in becoming a women’s health nurse practitioner. Explore the top online graduate programs this year, learn about cost and accreditation, and start your journey to an advanced career as a women’s health nurse practitioner with this EduMed guide.


FIND THE PROGRAM FOR YOU

  1. Take our quiz
  2. Match with schools
  3. Connect with favorites

Take our 4-step quiz to match with top schools in your field. Review options and connect with your favorites.

I want my
In
A female doctor, wearing a white coat, is smiling and attentively listening to a female patient during an affordable consultation in a bright, white office.

If you’re interested in reproductive, obstetric, or gynecological health and have a passion for preventive care, a career as a women’s health nurse practitioner could be the perfect fit. WHNPs practice directly or in collaboration with other healthcare professionals to provide continued care in a number of complex issues including pregnancy, childbirth, postnatal care, family planning, and much more.

With such a diverse range of career possibilities and the potential for high earning, becoming a women’s health nurse practitioner can be a smart, rewarding, and lucrative career move for both current nurses and those new to healthcare. Because of their advanced skillset and education, WHNPs can expect high salaries, with a median salary of well above $129,480 in 2023. Learn how to get started in this field and find the best online WHNP programs that can help you make your healthcare dreams into reality below.

FIND PROGRAMS NEAR YOU:

FAQs About Online Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner Programs

All online women’s health nurse practitioner programs are not created equally, making it important for you to ask the right questions about degree options and find the program that best matches your academic, financial, and career needs. The following sections take a look at some of the most frequently asked questions, along with the answers you need to succeed.

What are the different types of WHNP programs?

As you begin your WHNP research, you will soon notice that several different program structures and degree levels exist. Understanding the differences among each of these will help you make an informed decision about which one best supports your intended next steps.

  • MSN Programs:
    An MSN best supports registered nurses who already possess a BSN and want to earn graduate-level credentials. These degrees can be found both online and in-person and typically require two years of study. Many also make it easy for working nurses to fit in schoolwork without sacrificing income.
  • RN to MSN:
    Students who pursue RN-to-MSN bridge programs usually have either a diploma or associate degree in nursing. Because they lack a bachelor’s degree, these programs take longer than an MSN and students usually spend 30-36 months enrolled from start to finish. Programs can also be found online and on campus.
  • DNP Programs:
    Designed for advanced practice registered nurses who already possess an MSN, these degrees take between one to two years to complete. They prepare graduates for clinical, leadership, and academic roles at the highest levels of the profession and can be done traditionally or through distance learning.
  • RN to DNP Programs:
    RN-to-DNP programs support both associate and bachelor’s degree holders, but completion time varies among the two types. Those with an associate degree usually need four or five years to graduate while BSN holders usually can shave a year off this timeline.

What do you learn in a WHNP program?

In terms of course content and learning outcomes, remember that every WHNP program will look a little different. That being said, many should have overlapping courses and topics that are common across the board. Examples may include advanced women’s health practicum, advanced physiology and pathophysiology, and advanced reproductive dynamics. Below we look at some of the learning outcomes you should expect when enrolling in these programs.

  • Learning Outcome #1:
    An advanced understanding of how your work fits within the field of obstetrics, gynecology, and the larger world of women’s health.
  • Learning Outcome #2:
    The ability to conduct physical examinations and medical interviews of female-identifying individuals and an awareness of the ethical, regulatory, and diversity requirements needed in this field.
  • Learning Outcome #3:
    A comprehensive education in the various diseases, ailments, and illnesses specific to women’s health and an understanding of how to treat them with professionalism and sensitivity.
  • Learning Outcome #4:
    The ability to support women and their health throughout the lifespan and a commitment to staying attuned to new studies and best practices.
  • Learning Outcome #5:
    An understanding of how issues of child abuse and domestic violence can affect female patients, how to identify warning signs, and what the role of a women’s health professional is in these situations.

Common Courses

  • Pharmacology for Advanced Practice Nurses
    Typically taken in the first year, this course introduces students to the roles that drugs and medicine play in the treatment of women. Students develop an understanding of pharmacodynamic principles alongside an awareness of legal, ethical, and regulatory considerations when prescribing medications.
  • Episodic Illness in Women
    Typically paired with a practicum component, this course examines different types of health pattern variations and episodic illnesses affecting women across the lifespan. Students learn how to provide sensitive care for gynecological issues and the specialized knowledge needed to treat them.
  • Advanced Women’s Health Practicum
    This required class introduces students to the professional and leadership skills needed to lead clinical areas of women’s health from antepartum to postpartum areas of care. Students consider the importance of health interventions, care for at-risk clients, and how to best assess individual needs of patients.
  • Advanced Reproductive Dynamics
    Designed for nurse practitioners who plan to work in obstetrics, this course helps them develop an understanding of the female reproductive system from puberty through menopause, with emphasis on supporting women in making educated and informed decisions about their reproductive health.
  • Advanced Women’s Physiology and Pathophysiology
    Building on earlier studies in human anatomy and physiology, this course looks at how diseases affect women throughout their lives and how to effectively treat them. Students learn how common illnesses can manifest differently in women versus men and how to determine the appropriate therapy or treatment based on individual pathologies.

Can you earn a WHNP degree completely online?

While the class requirements of a WHNP program can be done via distance learning, your clinical hours must be done in person. Some departments of nursing may also require students to participate in several campus-based residencies or learning intensives, so be sure to ask about specifics when speaking to an admissions counselor or program administrator.

How long does it take to complete a WHNP degree online?

Several different factors will affect the duration of your degree program. For example, if you already have a bachelor’s of science in nursing, you will likely graduate more quickly than if you have an associate degree or diploma. It also matters whether you enroll in a master’s or doctoral level program, as the latter requires more credits and clinical hours.

Whether you enroll on a full-time or part-time basis also affects your timelines, with part-time study potentially adding an extra 6-18 months to your time of enrollment. That being said, some departments of nursing offer accelerated WHNP programs that allow motivated learners to graduate more quickly.

How much does an online WHNP degree cost?

The costs associated with a WHNP degree vary based on components such as whether you attend a public or private school, if you pay resident or non-resident fees, how much funding you can secure, and whether you study on a full-time or part-time basis. You must also consider whether to pursue an MSN or DNP. Check out three popular WHNP programs highlighted below to get a better sense of curricular requirements and average per-credit costs.

University of Cincinnati

University of
Cincinnati

MSN Women’s Health
Nurse Practitioner

Total Credits: 49 credits

$746/credit

Drexel University

Drexel
University

MSN Women’s Health/Gender
Related Nurse Practitioner

Total Credits: 55 quarter credits

$1,140/credit

Kent State University

Kent State
University

DNP Women’s Health
Nurse Practitioner

Total Credits: 76 credits

$537/credit

How do I get into an online WHNP program?

Specific admission requirements vary by individual degree, but you will typically see some common themes as you review more and more program options. Some of these include:

  • Diploma, associate, bachelor’s or master’s degree from an accredited school/program
  • Minimum GPA
  • Prerequisite coursework (e.g., statistics, anatomy, and physiology, etc.)
  • An active and unencumbered RN license in your current state of practice
  • Resume (some programs may also mandate a certain amount of work experience)
  • Personal statement/essay
  • GRE scores

Paying for Your Online Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner Degree

Whether you find an amazing state-level grant, a generous professional organization scholarship, or secure a federal student aid loan, know that several options exist. Fund your degree and avoid substantial debt with these different type of financial aid options available to you.

Scholarships and Grant

These types of funding are perennially popular with students given that they do not need to be repaid so long as all terms are met. Scholarships and grants are offered by government agencies, professional associations, for-profit businesses, private foundations, and colleges. To learn more about funding your online WHNP program, check out our scholarships page.

Student Loans

Student loans help close the gap between other types of funding secured and the remaining cost of your WHNP program. The U.S. Department of Education offers several different types of student loans based on degree level and student status. You can learn more about paying for your online WHNP program with student loans in our student loan handbook.

Fellowships and Assistantships

Aside from the options listed above, several other paths exist for securing financial support – especially at the graduate level. Fellowships and assistantships allow students to act as a teaching fellow or research assistant in exchange for funding and/or tuition remission. Internships can help you earn funding and experience, while work-study funding exists for students who qualify through the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).

Accreditation Standards for Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner Degree Programs

Attending both an accredited university and an accredited WHNP program is one of the most important things you can do. Aside from making it possible for you to easily transfer credits and hold licensure, this step also ensures you can find work after graduating.

When considering nursing-specific accreditation, there are two names you need to know. Both the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) and the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN) are considered reputable in the field and are names to look for. The CCNE currently accredits bachelor’s and master’s programs while the ACEN accredits nursing degrees at every academic level.

If you can’t easily find accreditation information on a school’s website, the U.S. Department of Education provides the searchable Database of Postsecondary Institutions and Programs.

Getting Your Professional License & Certification After Your Online WHNP Program

As you continue learning about women’s health nurse practitioner programs online, you will likely have questions about licensure and certification requirements. While an additional license isn’t required for those who already possess an active and unencumbered RN license, nurse practitioners must meet certain requirements (including continuing education programming) to renew their state-issued licenses.

While not mandated across the board, some employers may require job candidates to seek certification from the National Certification Corporation (NCC). This nonprofit provides WHNP-specific certification and requires completion of at least a master’s level qualification and an active RN license.

Careers & Salary Outlook for Women’s Health Nurse Practitioners

Show entries
Filters
  • Area
  • Curr. Jobs
  • Proj. Jobs
  • New Jobs
  • Growth %
  • Avg. Ann. Openings
United States
Curr. Jobs 266,300
Proj. Jobs 384,900
New Jobs 118,600
Growth % 44.50%
Avg. Ann. Openings 26,300
Alabama
Curr. Jobs 4,540
Proj. Jobs 6,770
New Jobs 2,230
Growth % 49.10%
Avg. Ann. Openings 470
Alaska
Curr. Jobs 500
Proj. Jobs 550
New Jobs 50
Growth % 10.00%
Avg. Ann. Openings 30
Arizona
Curr. Jobs 6,540
Proj. Jobs 11,200
New Jobs 4,660
Growth % 71.30%
Avg. Ann. Openings 860
Arkansas
Curr. Jobs 3,000
Proj. Jobs 4,840
New Jobs 1,840
Growth % 61.30%
Avg. Ann. Openings 360
California
Curr. Jobs 21,500
Proj. Jobs 34,100
New Jobs 12,600
Growth % 58.60%
Avg. Ann. Openings 2,500
Colorado
Curr. Jobs 3,700
Proj. Jobs 5,780
New Jobs 2,080
Growth % 56.20%
Avg. Ann. Openings 420
Connecticut
Curr. Jobs 3,150
Proj. Jobs 4,560
New Jobs 1,410
Growth % 44.80%
Avg. Ann. Openings 310
Delaware
Curr. Jobs 1,000
Proj. Jobs 1,550
New Jobs 550
Growth % 55.00%
Avg. Ann. Openings 110
District of Columbia
Curr. Jobs 600
Proj. Jobs 850
New Jobs 250
Growth % 41.70%
Avg. Ann. Openings 60
Florida
Curr. Jobs 18,910
Proj. Jobs 29,980
New Jobs 11,070
Growth % 58.50%
Avg. Ann. Openings 2,190
Georgia
Curr. Jobs 7,900
Proj. Jobs 12,500
New Jobs 4,600
Growth % 58.20%
Avg. Ann. Openings 910
Idaho
Curr. Jobs 900
Proj. Jobs 1,440
New Jobs 540
Growth % 60.00%
Avg. Ann. Openings 110
Illinois
Curr. Jobs 8,970
Proj. Jobs 12,660
New Jobs 3,690
Growth % 41.10%
Avg. Ann. Openings 850
Indiana
Curr. Jobs 6,550
Proj. Jobs 9,550
New Jobs 3,000
Growth % 45.80%
Avg. Ann. Openings 660
Iowa
Curr. Jobs 2,400
Proj. Jobs 3,670
New Jobs 1,270
Growth % 52.90%
Avg. Ann. Openings 260
Kansas
Curr. Jobs 3,240
Proj. Jobs 4,630
New Jobs 1,390
Growth % 42.90%
Avg. Ann. Openings 310
Kentucky
Curr. Jobs 4,730
Proj. Jobs 6,870
New Jobs 2,140
Growth % 45.20%
Avg. Ann. Openings 470
Louisiana
Curr. Jobs 4,470
Proj. Jobs 6,420
New Jobs 1,950
Growth % 43.60%
Avg. Ann. Openings 440
Maine
Curr. Jobs 1,330
Proj. Jobs 1,800
New Jobs 470
Growth % 35.30%
Avg. Ann. Openings 120
Maryland
Curr. Jobs 5,240
Proj. Jobs 7,450
New Jobs 2,210
Growth % 42.20%
Avg. Ann. Openings 500
Massachusetts
Curr. Jobs 2,730
Proj. Jobs 4,010
New Jobs 1,280
Growth % 46.90%
Avg. Ann. Openings 280
Michigan
Curr. Jobs 7,370
Proj. Jobs 10,410
New Jobs 3,040
Growth % 41.20%
Avg. Ann. Openings 700
Minnesota
Curr. Jobs 5,570
Proj. Jobs 8,010
New Jobs 2,440
Growth % 43.80%
Avg. Ann. Openings 550
Mississippi
Curr. Jobs 4,110
Proj. Jobs 5,860
New Jobs 1,750
Growth % 42.60%
Avg. Ann. Openings 400
Missouri
Curr. Jobs 7,520
Proj. Jobs 10,670
New Jobs 3,150
Growth % 41.90%
Avg. Ann. Openings 720
Montana
Curr. Jobs 880
Proj. Jobs 1,330
New Jobs 450
Growth % 51.10%
Avg. Ann. Openings 90
Nebraska
Curr. Jobs 1,790
Proj. Jobs 2,430
New Jobs 640
Growth % 35.80%
Avg. Ann. Openings 160
Nevada
Curr. Jobs 1,840
Proj. Jobs 2,780
New Jobs 940
Growth % 51.10%
Avg. Ann. Openings 200
New Hampshire
Curr. Jobs 1,520
Proj. Jobs 2,290
New Jobs 770
Growth % 50.70%
Avg. Ann. Openings 160
New Jersey
Curr. Jobs 6,790
Proj. Jobs 10,230
New Jobs 3,440
Growth % 50.70%
Avg. Ann. Openings 720
New Mexico
Curr. Jobs 1,590
Proj. Jobs 2,620
New Jobs 1,030
Growth % 64.80%
Avg. Ann. Openings 200
New York
Curr. Jobs 16,600
Proj. Jobs 20,970
New Jobs 4,370
Growth % 26.30%
Avg. Ann. Openings 440
North Carolina
Curr. Jobs 8,200
Proj. Jobs 12,750
New Jobs 4,550
Growth % 55.50%
Avg. Ann. Openings 920
North Dakota
Curr. Jobs 580
Proj. Jobs 860
New Jobs 280
Growth % 48.30%
Avg. Ann. Openings 60
Ohio
Curr. Jobs 11,020
Proj. Jobs 15,710
New Jobs 4,690
Growth % 42.60%
Avg. Ann. Openings 1,060
Oklahoma
Curr. Jobs 3,030
Proj. Jobs 4,200
New Jobs 1,170
Growth % 38.60%
Avg. Ann. Openings 280
Oregon
Curr. Jobs 2,240
Proj. Jobs 3,420
New Jobs 1,180
Growth % 52.70%
Avg. Ann. Openings 240
Pennsylvania
Curr. Jobs 8,010
Proj. Jobs 11,430
New Jobs 3,420
Growth % 42.70%
Avg. Ann. Openings 770
Rhode Island
Curr. Jobs 1,440
Proj. Jobs 2,090
New Jobs 650
Growth % 45.10%
Avg. Ann. Openings 140
South Carolina
Curr. Jobs 4,120
Proj. Jobs 6,620
New Jobs 2,500
Growth % 60.70%
Avg. Ann. Openings 490
South Dakota
Curr. Jobs 820
Proj. Jobs 1,280
New Jobs 460
Growth % 56.10%
Avg. Ann. Openings 90
Tennessee
Curr. Jobs 13,620
Proj. Jobs 21,500
New Jobs 7,880
Growth % 57.90%
Avg. Ann. Openings 1,570
Texas
Curr. Jobs 19,060
Proj. Jobs 30,490
New Jobs 11,430
Growth % 60.00%
Avg. Ann. Openings 2,240
Utah
Curr. Jobs 3,680
Proj. Jobs 5,900
New Jobs 2,220
Growth % 60.30%
Avg. Ann. Openings 430
Vermont
Curr. Jobs 810
Proj. Jobs 1,100
New Jobs 290
Growth % 35.80%
Avg. Ann. Openings 70
Virginia
Curr. Jobs 7,170
Proj. Jobs 11,160
New Jobs 3,990
Growth % 55.60%
Avg. Ann. Openings 800
Washington
Curr. Jobs 4,150
Proj. Jobs 6,020
New Jobs 1,870
Growth % 45.10%
Avg. Ann. Openings 600
West Virginia
Curr. Jobs 1,700
Proj. Jobs 2,590
New Jobs 890
Growth % 52.40%
Avg. Ann. Openings 180
Wisconsin
Curr. Jobs 4,950
Proj. Jobs 7,480
New Jobs 2,530
Growth % 51.10%
Avg. Ann. Openings 530
Wyoming
Curr. Jobs 480
Proj. Jobs 710
New Jobs 230
Growth % 47.90%
Avg. Ann. Openings 50
Showing 1 to 10 of 51 entries

Source: Projections Central

Data based on national numbers, not school-specific information.

U.S.
10th Percentile $97,960
Median $129,210
90th Percentile $169,950

Source: Nurse Practitioners, Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2024, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Data based on national numbers, not school-specific information.

Even after you finish your WHNP degree, remember that continuing education is a big part of keeping and renewing your license. This is also true of other related nursing degrees and the healthcare profession in general. We look at a few below.

Continuing Education

Because the healthcare industry generally – and nursing specifically – continue to evolve based on new studies and findings, staying up to date on groundbreaking treatment options and best practices is a critical component of being a top tier nurse practitioner in women’s health. While individual states set continuing education requirements for licensure renewal, all 50 require NPs to meet certain standards. If you’re unsure of how many hours you must complete each renewal cycle, reach out to your state board of nursing.

Related Degrees to Consider

  • MSN/DNP in Nurse-Midwifery If you enjoy working with women but want to focus specifically on childbearing, pre- and postnatal care, and infant care, pursuing an MSN or DNP in nurse-midwifery may best support your interests. These programs take between 2-5 years depending on existing education and experience.
  • MPH in Women’s & Reproductive Health If women’s health – specifically as it relates to reproductive functions – interests you but you want to work more on the research and/or education side rather than the clinical side, a master’s in public health could support your interests. These programs usually take two years to complete and allow you to research reproductive health issues and educate the public.
  • MS in Medical Sciences with a specialization in Women’s Health More of these programs have emerged in recent years for individuals interested in gender-specific health outcomes. Frequently pursued by nurses, doctors, and other health professionals, students may choose to focus their efforts on research, social-health outcomes, or education.

Ranking of Top Online Programs

With more and more online women’s health nurse practitioner programs popping up, finding the one that speaks to your academic interests and career goals can take some time. Rather than slogging through dozens of potential programs, we’ve vetted the top WHNP programs across the U.S. with the accreditation employers demand and the affordable price tag you need. Find out if your top school choice made its way onto our list.

# School Name Online Enrollment Tuition
1
16% Online Enrollment
$$ Tuition
2
16% Online Enrollment
$$ Tuition
3
3

Carlow University

Pittsburgh, PA
43% Online Enrollment
$$$ Tuition
4
28% Online Enrollment
$$$ Tuition
5
5

University of Utah

Salt Lake City, UT
21% Online Enrollment
$ Tuition
6
28% Online Enrollment
$$ Tuition
7
7
20% Online Enrollment
$$ Tuition
8
19% Online Enrollment
$$ Tuition
9
12% Online Enrollment
$$ Tuition
10
10
22% Online Enrollment
$$$$$ Tuition

Resources for WHNP Students & Professionals

American Association of Nurse Practitioners
The AANP provides a special section on its website devoted to women’s health, including information on continuing education courses.

American College of Nurse-Midwives
This professional member association offers student services awards, advocacy and political action, and state resources to its members.

American Sexual Health Association
This group brings together leaders in the field to provide educational materials, tools, and resources to help practitioners better support and educate their patients on sexual health.

Day in the Life: Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner
Want to know more about what your typical day may include as a WHNP? This article helps shed light.

Family Planning National Training Center
The FPNTC serves as an excellent resource for women’s health practitioners looking for information and training on reproductive health, fertility services, and contraception options.

Reproductive Health Access Project
Clinicians looking to make reproductive healthcare accessible to everyone (including contraception, abortions, and miscarriage support) can access resources from the RHAP.

Kathleen Curtis AUTHOR

Kathleen Curtis is a researcher and writer with more than 75 articles published on EduMed. She's collaborated with dozens of college, career, and healthcare professionals on features across nursing, allied health, college success, and financial aid. Kathleen's work has been featured in Forbes, USA TODAY, and U.S. News & World Report. She holds a master's degree in history.

Read More About Kathleen Curtis

Wes Ricketts EDITOR

Wes Ricketts has created award-winning content in higher education and healthcare for nearly 20 years. He founded EduMed in 2018 to give future college students a go-to resource for information on degree programs in nursing and allied health. Wes’s research and writing interests include Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, as well as caregiving for loved ones with degenerative conditions. Wes holds a master’s degree in history from Western Washington University, where he also led workshops focused on historical research and longform writing skills.

Read More About Wes Ricketts
Logo of EDUMED, featuring a stylized graduation cap forming the letter 'M' in a monochromatic orange, with the rest of the letters in purple on a green background.
Privacy Settings

When you visit the EduMed website, we store cookies on your browser to collect information. This information may pertain to you, your preferences, or your device and is primarily used to ensure the site functions as expected and to deliver a more personalized experience. You can choose to disable certain types of cookies; however, this may affect your experience on the site and limit the services we can provide. Click on the different category headings to learn more and customize your settings. Please note that you cannot opt out of our First Party Strictly Necessary Cookies, as these are essential for the proper functioning of the website (e.g., displaying the cookie banner, remembering your preferences, logging into your account, redirecting upon logout, etc.).